What Families Can Expect in a Head Start Classroom

A Head Start classroom should be much more than a place where children wait for kindergarten.

Young children learn through play, relationships, conversation, movement, exploration, routines, and intentionally planned experiences.

Head Start programs use curricula and teaching practices designed to support children's development and school readiness, but there is no single national classroom schedule or curriculum used by every Head Start center.

That means classrooms can look different while still working toward similar developmental goals.

A typical day includes both routines and active learning

Depending on the program, a preschool Head Start day may include:

  • arrival and greeting
  • meals or snacks
  • free-choice or learning-center time
  • small-group activities
  • stories and language experiences
  • music and movement
  • outdoor play
  • early math and science
  • art and creative activities
  • rest or quiet time
  • transitions and self-care routines

Programs may operate part day, full day, school year, or other approved schedules.

Play is an important part of learning

Parents sometimes worry that children are "just playing."

In high-quality early childhood settings, play can support many skills at once.

For example, children building a pretend restaurant may practice:

  • language
  • counting
  • turn-taking
  • writing
  • planning
  • problem-solving
  • social skills

Teachers can extend the learning by adding new materials, asking questions, introducing vocabulary, or helping children solve conflicts.

Head Start programs use curricula

Head Start programs must use an appropriate curriculum and implement educational practices that support children's development.

A curriculum helps teachers plan learning experiences across areas such as:

  • language and literacy
  • cognition
  • early math
  • social-emotional development
  • physical development
  • approaches to learning

Programs choose curricula locally rather than using one required national Head Start curriculum.

When touring a program, ask what curriculum it uses and how teachers adapt activities for individual children.

The Head Start Early Learning Outcomes Framework

Head Start uses the Early Learning Outcomes Framework, often called the ELOF, as an important guide for understanding children's development from birth to age 5.

The framework organizes learning into broad developmental areas.

For preschool-age children, families may see teachers supporting skills such as:

  • understanding and using language
  • early reading and writing
  • counting and mathematical thinking
  • scientific reasoning
  • attention and persistence
  • relationships with peers and adults
  • emotional regulation
  • physical coordination

The framework is not a checklist that every child must master at exactly the same time.

Children develop at different rates.

Teachers observe children's progress

Head Start programs use ongoing child assessment to understand children's strengths and progress.

This does not mean preschoolers should spend their days taking tests.

Teachers may learn about children through:

  • observation
  • conversations
  • children's work
  • play
  • planned assessment activities
  • family input

Programs use this information to plan teaching and identify areas where a child may need additional support.

Family input matters

Families see children in settings teachers do not.

Head Start emphasizes family engagement and recognizes parents as children's primary teachers and nurturers.

Teachers may ask families about:

  • children's interests
  • home language
  • routines
  • developmental progress
  • cultural traditions
  • concerns
  • goals

Families should also receive information about children's progress.

A strong program should make communication a two-way process rather than only contacting parents when there is a problem.

Culture and language should be respected

Children bring their family culture, language, experiences, and identity into the classroom.

Teachers should build relationships with families and use information about children's backgrounds to support learning.

Families can ask:

  • How do you support children who speak more than one language?
  • How are families' cultures represented?
  • Can families share traditions, songs, stories, or experiences?
  • How do you communicate with families who prefer another language?

Social-emotional learning is part of the day

Preparing for school includes learning how to:

  • join a group
  • communicate needs
  • follow routines
  • manage strong feelings with adult support
  • solve conflicts
  • build friendships
  • persist through frustration

Teachers should help children practice these skills rather than expecting preschoolers to already have them.

What a strong classroom feels like

A useful classroom tour is about more than checking how many toys are on the shelf.

Notice the relationships.

Look for teachers who:

  • speak respectfully to children
  • get down to children's level
  • listen
  • encourage conversation
  • help rather than shame children
  • set clear expectations
  • respond calmly to mistakes
  • support children with different needs

Notice whether children appear engaged and comfortable asking adults for help.

Questions families can ask

When visiting a Head Start center, consider asking:

  • What curriculum do you use?
  • What does a typical day look like?
  • How much outdoor play do children get?
  • How do you support early literacy and math?
  • How do you assess children's progress?
  • How often will I hear from the teacher?
  • How do you handle challenging behavior?
  • How do you support children with disabilities?
  • How do you support home languages?
  • What meals are provided?
  • How do you prepare children for kindergarten?

Every classroom will look a little different

Head Start programs operate in cities, rural communities, Tribal communities, migrant and seasonal communities, schools, nonprofit organizations, and other settings.

The building, schedule, curriculum, and classroom materials can differ.

The important question is whether the program provides a safe, supportive, developmentally appropriate environment that meets Head Start requirements and responds to the children and families it serves.

Frequently asked questions

Does Head Start use one national curriculum?

No. Programs select curricula that must meet Head Start requirements.

Is Head Start mostly academic?

Head Start supports the whole child. Early literacy and math matter, but so do physical development, social-emotional skills, health, relationships, and approaches to learning.

Will my child be tested?

Programs use screening and ongoing assessment, but preschool assessment should not look like a long series of elementary-style exams.

Can parents participate in classroom learning?

Family engagement is a core part of Head Start. Opportunities vary by program, so ask your local center how families can participate.